The Ethic of Enemy Love in Matthew 5:43-48: A Grace-Based Ethics Perspective

Abstract

The ethic of enemy love in Matthew 5:43-48 is traditionally interpreted through performance-based morality emphasizing human effort. This research produces a "Rest-in-Conflict Model" as alternative framework grounded in grace-based ethics. Employing grammatical-historical exegesis combined with canonical-theological methodology, this study examines Matthew 5:43-48 as theological foundation (Christ's impossible command) and Romans 12:17-21 as practical application (Paul's strategic implementation). The methodological connection operates through progressive movement: Command (Matthew 5:48's τέλειος/teleios, "be perfect") → Strategy (Romans 12:20's "coals of fire" as conscience-warfare through kindness) → Rest (Ephesians 2:6's seated position in Christ). Research findings contribute three distinctive results: (1) Exegetical clarification that τέλειος (teleios) indicates wholeness of character rather than behavioral flawlessness; (2) Conceptual framework showing "coals of fire" as subversive spiritual strategy attacking enemies' psychological defenses; (3) Pastoral model of "rest even in conflict" where believers govern from seated position in Christ rather than striving through personal strength. This Rest-in-Conflict Model distinguishes itself from similar research by integrating exegetical, systematic, and practical theology into unified grace-based framework, demonstrating that enemy love results from Spirit-wrought transformation through union with Christ, not human moral achievement. The model addresses performance anxiety endemic in contemporary evangelical ethics.